Hard combinatorial optimization problems (NP-hard, NP-complete) involve huge discrete search spaces, and have been studied extensively by the operational research community. Zbigniew Michalewicz, Marc Schoenauer, in Encyclopedia of Information Systems, 2003 X.A. The secret of success is to persist in intentional learning. We should have a correct attitude to study advanced experiences and be open-minded. Implementation and orderliness must be intensified and strengthened. ‘An iron hand’ should be used in the implementation. All the things above belong to the range of a plan. A leader should plan first and arrange the work with an iron hand. This is a necessary requirement for modern enterprise management and a demand of human instinct, and also an integral part of Sanzhu’s corporate culture.
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4.Ĭombine ‘ruthless management’ with ‘enthusiastic management’. Using this method, management will rise to a new level. Tabularization is a part of layout, which everyone should learn to use. 3.īe good at accepting new things and methods. When learning from experienced people, we should combine specific conditions to uphold the unity of the subject and object by grafting. Learn from the experienced by means of grafting. We can learn from practice and application then we can we control the overall situation.
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It is necessary to apply a holistic way of thinking and systematic and operational research. Strengthen study to understand systematic operational research. These are some ways to improve marketing management through research: 1. This distinctive approach is an adaptation of the scientific method used by other sciences. This solution will be the one that best satisfies the objective that is to be optimized. Once the general version of problem is formulated, individual instances of that problem may be solved optimally in order to suggest specific allocations of the organization's resources. These models commonly take the form of an objective function that defines the goal of the organization (or one of many goals), and a set of constraints representing the conditions within which the system must operate. The dominant characteristic of OR is that it constructs and uses mathematical representations, i.e., models, to analyze problems. In order to solve a complex problem posed by the operation of an organization or system, this problem must be formulated in such a way that it can be efficiently analyzed. Often these problems involve the allocation of scarce resources in such a way as to achieve a goal maximally (such as profit or level of service) or to minimize some negative consequence of the operation of an organization (such as cost or environmental degradation).
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Operations research (OR) contains a set of tools used by those who must make organizational decisions. The field of operations research (alternately termed operational research or management science) is defined as the application of advanced analytical techniques in order to solve complex problems. Curtin, in Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, 2005 Operations Research Defined Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Decision Analysis and Behavioral Research. This classic book by a pioneer in Bayesian statistics describes the foundations of subjective probability and utility. This classic introduces decision theory using only elementary mathematics.
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Smart Choices: A Practical Guide to Making Better Decisions. Hammond, J.S, Keeney, R.L., and Raiffa, H. This book contains axiomatic development of subjective probability theory and utility theory. This book discusses in detail the elicitation and use of expert opinion in science.ĭeGroot, M.H. Experts in Uncertainty: Opinion and Subjective Probability in Science. This text is a modern introduction to decision analysis.Ĭooke, R.M. Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis, 2nd ed.